Amnesty Says India’s Arms Exports to Israel Risk Complicity in Gaza Genocide

Amnesty International has accused India of continuing to supply arms and military components to Israel despite what it described as a substantial risk that the equipment could be used in the ongoing conflict in Gaza, warning that such transfers could expose India to complicity in alleged violations of international law.

In a report published on 30 July, the London-based human rights organisation claimed that India has strengthened its defence partnership with Israel while continuing to support supply chains linked to the Israeli military during the Gaza war.

According to Amnesty, investigators analysed 2,596 shipments of weapons, ammunition, military parts and related components sent from India to Israel since 7 October 2023, the date Israel launched its large-scale military campaign in Gaza following attacks by Hamas.


The organisation said its findings indicate that Indian companies exported more than 390,000 small-arms components, nearly 565,000 explosive ordnance parts including artillery shell casings and drone-related equipment and hundreds of military vehicle components to Israeli defence firms.

Amnesty stated that researchers relied on international shipment data and customs records to identify military-related exports, adding that they excluded shipments believed to be intended for civilian use. The report focused on internationally recognised customs classifications covering weapons, ammunition and military equipment.


The findings follow previous investigative reporting that cited Indian customs documents showing exports of weapons components to major Israeli defence manufacturers, including Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, IMI Systems and MCT Materials.

Amnesty Secretary General Agnes Callamard said the report demonstrates that India continues to support Israel's defence sector despite widespread international concern over the humanitarian situation in Gaza.

She argued that India has failed to regulate military exports in accordance with international legal obligations and has instead expanded defence cooperation with Israel during the conflict.


The report comes as allegations surrounding Israel's military operations in Gaza remain the subject of international legal scrutiny.

In January 2024, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ordered provisional measures requiring Israel to take steps to prevent acts that could violate the Genocide Convention. While the court has not issued a final ruling on whether genocide has occurred, several human rights organisations and independent United Nations experts have described Israel's actions in Gaza as constituting genocide. Israel has consistently rejected those allegations.

India and Israel have maintained close strategic and defence ties for decades, with cooperation spanning military technology, intelligence, defence manufacturing and security.

According to data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India remained Israel's largest defence customer between 2020 and 2025, accounting for approximately 29 percent of Israeli arms exports during that period. Israel was also India's third-largest arms supplier, behind Russia and France.

Defence cooperation between the two countries expanded further after India and Israel signed a memorandum of understanding in November 2025 aimed at strengthening military, industrial and technological collaboration.

During the agreement, both governments described defence cooperation as a key pillar of their bilateral relationship and pledged to deepen future collaboration.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has repeatedly referred to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as a close friend, while maintaining strong diplomatic and strategic relations with Israel despite growing international criticism over the Gaza conflict.

Amnesty called on the Indian government to suspend all military transfers to Israel, arguing that states have an obligation under international law to avoid supplying weapons where there is a clear risk they could be used to commit serious human rights violations.

The organisation urged greater transparency over defence exports and called on governments worldwide to ensure that arms transfers comply with international humanitarian and human rights law.


India has not publicly responded to Amnesty International's latest report at the time of publication.